Malaria yog ib yam kab mob laus tshaj plaws ntawm noob neej, thiab nws tseem yog ib qho teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv tseem ceeb ntawm kev txhawj xeeb thoob ntiaj teb thiab yuav tsum tau daws sai. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb, 40% ntawm lub ntiaj teb cov pej xeem nyob rau hauv malaria - cov cheeb tsam endemic, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv teb chaws Africa, uas tseem yog ib tug kab mob loj tshaj plaws. Kwv yees li ntawm 100 lab tus tib neeg thoob ntiaj teb muaj cov tsos mob ntawm tus mob malaria txhua xyoo, 90 % ntawm lawv nyob hauv Africa, thiab ntau tshaj li ob lab tus tib neeg tuag los ntawm malaria txhua xyoo.
Txhawm rau tiv thaiv tus kab mob no, tib neeg tau sim lawv qhov zoo tshaj plaws txij thaum ub los txog rau tam sim no. Thawj cov tshuaj tau pom dav yog cinchona bark. Xyoo 1631, tus tub txib Italian Salubrino tau txais cov tshuaj no zoo rau kev kho mob kub taub hau los ntawm Peruvians hauv South America, uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo. Xyoo 1820, Fab Kis kws tshuaj thiab kws muag tshuaj Cvento tau cais cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev kho mob malaria los ntawm cov tawv ntoo ntawm cinchona thiab hu ua quinine.
Txij thaum ntawd los, cov kws tshawb fawb tau txhim kho cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tsis tu ncua, thiab ua tiav cov tshuaj quinine ua tiav thawj zaug hauv xyoo 1944. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis yog qhov nyuaj rau nrhiav tau tias ib txwm muaj txoj cai nyob rau hauv qhov xwm txheej, uas yog, yog tias cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tau siv ntau dhau lawm. , cov nyhuv yuav maj mam ua tsis zoo. Qhov no yog qhov teeb meem nrog quinine. Nrog rau lub sij hawm ntev - siv cov tshuaj ntau, nws cov nyhuv tsis pom tseeb. Tib neeg tab tom xav tau tshuaj tshiab los tawm tsam malaria. Lub sijhawm no,artemisininyug.
Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 21st, thaum Miller, tus kws kho mob Asmeskas tau mob siab rau pab cov neeg African kho mob malaria, tsis muaj zog los ntawm kev txo qis ntawm quinine' qhov ua tau zoo, nws mam li pom tias cov tshuaj suav tau zoo heev. nyhuv. Thiab cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuaj no yog artemisinin, cov npe ntawm Tu Youyou thiab artemisinin, uas tau nrov thoob plaws ntiaj teb. Tab sis qhov tseeb, nws nrhiav tauartemisininntau ntxov dua Miller nrhiav tau nws, thiab Miller yuav luag tsis pom nws ua tus nrhiav tiag tiag.
Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 30, 930, Tu Youyou yug hauv Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province. Youyou Luming' txoj kab nto moo ntawm Shiyezhiping pinned nws niam nws txiv' kev cia siab ntawm nws. Tsev neeg tej xwm txheej ntawm Tu tsev neeg yeej tsis phem, thiab tsis muaj tus cwj pwm phem ntawm yawg koob, ces nws thiaj raug xa mus nyeem ib phau ntawv. Los ntawm tsev kawm ntawv theem pib, tsev kawm theem qis mus rau high school, tib yam tsis poob qab, nws cov qhab nia zoo heev. Nkag mus kawm hauv Peking University hauv 1951, tej zaum vim muaj kev noj qab haus huv tsis zoo hauv nws thaum yau, Tu Youyou tau pib rau txoj kev no.
Thaum kawm, Tu Youyou muaj kev txaus siab rau phytochemistry, tshuaj ntsuab, thiab cog qoob loo. Tom qab kawm tiav, nws kuj tau raug xa mus rau Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Suav Tshuaj ntawm Ministry of Health (tam sim no Tuam Tshoj Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences). Thaum ntxov xyoo 1960, malaria tau mob siab rau ob tog ntawm Tsov Rog Nyab Laj, ua rau muaj kev txo qis ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm sib ntaus sib tua. Lub sijhawm ntawd, vim muaj qee qhov kev txwv thiab tsis tuaj yeem tshawb fawb cov tshuaj tshiab, Nyab Laj tau thov kom Tuam Tshoj los pab daws cov teeb meem ntawm kev tiv thaiv thiab kho mob malaria.
Tom qab ob xyoos ntawm - qhov chaw tshawb nrhiav los ntawm peb sab xa cov kws tshawb fawb, peb pom tau tias qhov ceev thiab nyuaj ntawm kev tiv thaiv thiab kev kho mob malaria, thiab pib tshawb fawb txog malaria hauv xyoo 1967. Lub Tuam Txhab Suav Tshuaj Tshawb Fawb ntawm Tuam Txhab Tshuaj Tshawb Fawb Tuam Txhab tau koom nrog xyoo 1969. Ua ke. , muaj ze li ntawm 20 lub koom haum koom nrog hauv pawg tshawb fawb no. Ntxiv rau qhovartemisininnrhiav tau los ntawm Tu Youyou, muaj ntau lwm yam kev tshawb fawb, xws li kev hloov kho ntawm Changshan Bine.
Txawm li cas los xij, kev tshawb pom ntawm artemisinin muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua. Xyoo 1972, Tu Youyou thiab nws cov npoj yaig tau rho tawm artemisinin los ntawm Artemisia annua. Lawv pom tias cov tshuaj no muaj kev cuam tshuam tshwj xeeb rau ntau yam malaria, thiab muaj qhov zoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm siab, ua haujlwm sai, thiab tsis muaj tshuaj lom. Hauv xyoo 1973, dihydroartemisinin tau ua ke. Dihydroartemisinin muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua li ntujartemisinin. Vim li no, Tu Youyou yeej qhov khoom plig National Invention xyoo 1979. Xyoo 1981, Tu Youyou kuj tau coj artemisinin mus rau International Artemisinin Conference hosted los ntawm International Health Organization. .
Tab sis lub sijhawm ntawd, nws lub koob npe nrov nrog artemisinin tseem tsis loj heev. Txog thaum Miller' qhov kev tshawb pom, ib zaj dab neeg luv luv tshwm sim thaum Miller' nrhiav nws. Zhang Boli, tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm Tuam Tshoj Academy ntawm Suav Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Kho Mob, ib zaug tau qhia zaj dab neeg no hauv kev xam phaj. Miller pom 7 lub koom haum los ntawm kev siv tshuaj traceability.
Cov 7 lub koom haum no tau hais tias lawv nrhiav pom los ntawm lawv tus kheej, thiab Miller tsis tau' tsis paub tias muaj dab tsi tshwm sim rau ib pliag. Qhov tseeb, tag nrho cov 7 lub koom haum no muaj kev sib koom tes nrog Tu Youyou. Hmoov zoo, Miller tsis tso tseg, thiab tom qab ntawd nug leej twg tus pab cuam thib ob tau txais cov lus teb tiag. Xya lub koom haum txhua lub npe hu ua Tu Youyou. Nws yog lub qhov dej - deserved inventor ntawmartemisinin, uas yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm Nobel nqi zog.
