Khoom Taw Qhia
NAD plusyog daim ntawv oxidized ntawm NAD, thaum NADH yog daim ntawv txo. Lub cim "ntxiv" qhia tias NAD tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo los ntawm kev lees txais hydride ion (H-) thaum lub sijhawm txo cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. NAD ntxiv yog koom nrog ntau yam txheej txheem ntawm tes, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv redox thiab lub zog metabolism. Nws ua hauj lwm raws li ib tug coenzyme nyob rau hauv ntau enzymatic cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, txais thiab pub electrons los pab txhawb kev hloov ntawm lub zog. NADH, ntawm qhov tod tes, yog daim ntawv txo qis ntawm NAD ntxiv . Nws nqa cov electrons (thiab protons) uas tau kis los ntawm lwm cov molecules thaum lub sij hawm metabolic. NADH yog lub zog nplua nuj molecule uas ua haujlwm rau kev tsim cov ATP (adenosine triphosphate), thawj lub zog txiaj ntawm cov hlwb.
Ob leeg ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv peb lub cev
Kev sib hloov ntawm NAD ntxiv thiab NADH yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm cellular metabolism. Thaum cov txheej txheem xws li glycolysis, lub voj voog citric acid, thiab oxidative phosphorylation, NAD ntxiv txais cov electrons thiab protons los ntawm cov organic molecules, ua NADH. NADH tom qab ntawd xa cov khoom siv hluav taws xob no mus rau cov saw hlau thauj hluav taws xob hauv mitochondria, uas lawv koom nrog ATP synthesis.
Daim ntawv oxidized ntawm NAD ntxiv (NAD ntxiv) tuaj yeem rov tsim dua los ntawm NADH los ntawm cov txheej txheem xws li oxidative phosphorylation thiab cov saw hlau thauj khoom, qhov twg NADH pub nws cov electrons thiab protons, thaum kawg ua rau kev hloov pauv rov qab rau NAD ntxiv.
Zuag qhia tag nrho, NAD ntxiv thiab NADH ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim hluav taws xob ntawm tes thiab koom nrog ntau cov tshuaj lom neeg biochemical, suav nrog glycolysis, citric acid voj voog, thiab oxidative phosphorylation.
Qhov twg zoo dua?
Qhov tseeb tsis muaj lus teb rau lo lus nug no. Qhov kev xaiv ntawm NAD ntxiv thiab NADH yog nyob ntawm daim ntawv thov tshwj xeeb lossis lub hom phiaj koj xav tau.
Yog tias koj tab tom nrhiav kom muab lub zog los yog pab txhawb kev cuam tshuam redox hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm tes, NAD ntxiv yuav yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj. NAD ntxiv ua tus txais hluav taws xob thiab ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov txheej txheem metabolic xws li glycolysis, citric acid voj voog, thiab oxidative phosphorylation, uas koom nrog hauv kev tsim cov ATP.
Ntawm qhov tod tes, yog tias koj xav kawm lossis ntsuas lub cellular redox lub xeev lossis tshawb xyuas cov haujlwm ntawm cov enzymes tshwj xeeb, NADH yuav tsim nyog dua. NADH yog daim ntawv txo qis ntawm NAD ntxiv thiab koom nrog kev hloov pauv ntawm cov hluav taws xob thaum muaj kev cuam tshuam redox. Nws tuaj yeem siv los ua qhov taw qhia ntawm kev ua haujlwm metabolic thiab lub zog ntawm cov hlwb.
Qee zaum, cov kws tshawb fawb siv ob qho tib si NAD ntxiv thiab NADH ib txhij los kawm txog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv redox thiab saib xyuas cov txheej txheem metabolic. Qhov kev xaiv kawg yog nyob ntawm qhov kev sim tsim tshwj xeeb, cov hom phiaj tshawb fawb, lossis daim ntawv thov koj xav tau.
Lawv lub luag haujlwm yog dab tsi?
1. Kev tsim hluav taws xob: Ib lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm NAD ntxiv thiab NADH yog los pab txhawb kev tsim hluav taws xob hauv hlwb. Thaum lub sij hawm ua pa ntawm tes, NAD ntxiv txais cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab cov protons los ntawm cov molecules koom nrog hauv kev ua kom cov piam thaj, xws li thaum lub sij hawm glycolysis thiab citric acid voj voog. Cov txheej txheem no tsim NADH, uas tom qab ntawd hloov cov hluav taws xob mus rau cov saw hlau thauj hluav taws xob hauv mitochondria. Cov saw hlau thauj hluav taws xob siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob no los tsim ATP, lub zog tseem ceeb ntawm cov hlwb.
2. Redox Reactions: NAD ntxiv thiab NADH ua raws li coenzymes hauv ntau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv redox thoob plaws hauv lub cev. Lawv ua haujlwm raws li cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, kaw cov hluav taws xob thiab cov protons ntawm cov molecules sib txawv koom nrog hauv txoj hauv kev metabolic. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau cov txheej txheem xws li cov metabolism ntawm carbohydrates, cov rog, thiab cov proteins, nrog rau kev sib txuas ntawm cov molecules xws li DNA thiab fatty acids.
3. Kev tswj hwm enzyme: NAD ntxiv thiab NADH kuj koom nrog kev tswj hwm ntawm qee cov enzymes. Lawv tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ua coenzymes rau cov chav kawm ntawm cov enzymes hu ua dehydrogenases, uas ua rau kev hloov pauv ntawm electrons thiab protons thaum muaj kev cuam tshuam redox. Los ntawm kev lees txais lossis pub nyiaj hluav taws xob, NAD ntxiv thiab NADH tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov haujlwm ntawm cov enzymes no thiab hloov pauv ntau txoj hauv kev metabolic.
4. Sirtuin Ua kom tiav: NAD ntxiv yog tus tswj hwm tseem ceeb ntawm sirtuins, ib pawg ntawm cov enzymes koom nrog hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm tes xws li DNA kho, gene qhia, thiab kev laus. Sirtuins xav tau NAD ntxiv raws li coenzyme los ua lawv txoj haujlwm, thiab NAD ntxiv rau qib tau cuam tshuam rau kev tswj hwm cov haujlwm ntawm sirtuins thiab cuam tshuam rau cellular noj qab haus huv thiab kev ua neej ntev.
5. Cellular Signaling: NAD ntxiv kuj tau pom tias ua lub luag haujlwm hauv cellular signaling pathways. Nws tuaj yeem ua raws li lub cim qhia molecule thiab koom nrog ntau yam kev cuam tshuam enzymatic uas tswj cov txheej txheem ntawm tes xws li calcium signaling, circadian atherosclerosis, thiab cell survival.
Daim ntawv thov
NAD ntxiv thiab NADH cov tshuaj ntxiv yog siv los ua cov khoom noj khoom haus los txhawb ntau yam ntawm kev noj qab haus huv thiab kev noj qab haus huv. Thaum NAD ntxiv cov tshuaj pab txhawm rau txhawb kev tsim hluav taws xob ntawm tes thiab txhawb cov txheej txheem metabolic, NADH cov tshuaj siv feem ntau yog siv los txhawb cov qib zog thiab kev txawj ntse.
